I finished Jonathan Goldstein's Anchor Bible commentary on II
Maccabees. In this post, I'd like to elaborate upon the topic that I
discussed yesterday: the rivalry between the Oniads and the Hasmoneans
for the priesthood.
On page 542, Goldstein states:
"The
history of the period brought striking vindication to the claims of the
Oniads, that God favored them and had not made Jerusalem again his
Chosen Place. God had wrought a miracle in response to the merit of
Onias III to prevent Heliodorus from violating the treasury of the
temple of Jerusalem; but, in the absence of the Oniads, the Hasmonaean
high priests had not been able to prevent pagans from violating the
temple. In 63 B.C.E. Pompey marched into the Holy of Holies...and in 54
Crassus plundered the wealth of the temple..."
As I have
read Goldstein, the impression I have gotten is that II Maccabees (with
the exception of the epistles that preface the book) is pro-Oniad, not
pro-Hasmonean. II Maccabees treats Onias III as a righteous
man, and the story of God protecting the Temple treasury from Heliodorus
due to the merit of Onias III appears in II Maccabees 3. II Maccabees
does not seem to care for the Hasmoneans, with the exception of Judas
Maccabeus. II Maccabees appears to be open to the legitimacy of
sanctuaries other than the one in Jerusalem, which (in effect)
legitimizes Onias IV's sanctuary in Egypt as well as casts doubt upon
God's full recognition of the Jerusalem Temple (which came to be
dominated by Hasmoneans). And, according to Goldstein, II Maccabees
draws on the memoirs of Onias IV.
In my post here,
I wrote about Paul Hanson's argument that II Maccabees is close to the
Pharisaic milieu, one reason being that II Maccabees, like the
Pharisees, manifests a belief in the resurrection of the dead. My
question, therefore, is this: Is there evidence that the Pharisees were
pro-Oniad? Well, perhaps we cannot generalize, for Josephus
claimed to be a Pharisee and was a Hasmonean, and he does not depict the
Oniads favorably. But, as I talk about here,
Mishnah Avoth 1 presents Simon the Just (who was in the Oniad line) as
part of the Great Synagogue, one who passed on Pharisaic halakah.