I started Larry Hurtado's How on Earth Did Jesus Become a God? Historical Questions about Earliest Devotion to Jesus.
My
impression is that Hurtado is arguing that Jesus was regarded as divine
within early Christianity early on, and that this initially occurred
within Jewish Christianity, which was why Jews persecuted the early
Christians. What is Hurtado's basis for these claims? In what I have
read so far, Hurtado contends that Paul regarded Jesus as divine and
indicated in Galatians 1 that his views were the same as Jewish
Christians, as well as included in his letter to the Philippians an
earlier hymn (the one in Philippians 2) that depicts Jesus as
pre-existent and as God. Regarding Jewish persecution of early
Christians, Hurtado notes passages that say that the persecution is on
account of Jesus himself (for Jesus' name), and Hurtado takes this to
mean that Jews were upset by what the early Christians were saying about
Jesus, namely, that Jesus was divine. And Hurtado refers to the
stoning of Paul, which Hurtado interprets in light of the punishment for
apostasy/idolatry in Deuteronomy 13:1-11 and 17:2-7.
So
why did Jewish Christians conclude early on that Jesus was God, when
they lived in a monotheistic culture? Hurtado's answer is that they
received some revelation that Jesus was exalted, perhaps similar to God
revealing God's Son to Paul in Galatians 1. Hurtado does not think that
the worship of Jesus as God was due to pagan influences, for Judaism and
Christianity were anti-paganism. And Hurtado appears to be skeptical
about the claim that the early Christians' worship of Jesus flowed from
early Judaism's treatment of wisdom, certain biblical figures, or other
intermediaries as principle agents of God, for early Judaism did not
worship these entities, but early Christians worshiped Jesus.
How
high was the Christology of the early Christians? I think that the
hymn in Philippians 2 is saying that Jesus was pre-existent, but it also
appears to maintain that Jesus became God at his ascension. At the
same time, in discussing how other scholars have interacted with the
issue of how Jesus came to be worshiped, Hurtado mentions I Corinthians
8:6, which says (in the KJV): "But to us there is but one God, the
Father, of whom are all things, and we in him; and one Lord Jesus
Christ, by whom are all things, and we by him." That appears to be
saying that Jesus was involved in creation. I do not know how someone
like James Dunn----who thought that Paul did not believe that Jesus was
pre-existent----handled that passage. Perhaps he could argue that Paul
was talking about Jesus as the agent of the new creation, not the
original creation.