In my post today on W.A. Swanberg's biography of six-time Socialist candidate for President Norman Thomas, Norman Thomas: The Last Idealist,
I'll talk about Thomas' stance on Communism during the late 1940's.
I'll list what stances Thomas took that led him to be labeled as
pro-Communist, and his stances that led him to be labeled as
anti-Communist. I'll be drawing from pages 304, 311-312, and 329 of
Swanberg's book.
Thomas' stances that led him to be labeled as pro-Communist include the following:
1. Thomas was fond of a number of Socialists who went over to the Communist Party.
2.
Thomas opposed a military buildup because he preferred worldwide
disarmament under the auspices of the United Nations. Thomas had some
doubts that the Soviets would accept this, but he hoped that reasonable
persuasion would convince them that disarmament was in the best
interests of everyone in the world.
3. Thomas considered the Truman Doctrine,
which provided military support to Greece and Turkey to prevent them
from falling to the Communists, to be promoting imperialism.
4.
Thomas criticized the Mundt-Nixon bill because he thought that it would
drive the Communist Party in the U.S. underground, making it more
dangerous, plus he maintained that the Communist Party in the U.S. had a
constitutional right to "exist, meet, and politick" (Swanberg on page
310). (Nixon denied, however, that Mundt-Nixon would outlaw the
Communist Party. See here.) Thomas was also critical of the McCarran bill.
5.
Thomas criticized the House Committee for Un-American Activities (HUAC)
for doing "any genuine liberal position far more harm than good" and
for giving Communists "ammunition" (Thomas' words, quoted on page 311).
For Thomas, HUAC set no clear standards for "what constitutes
unAmerican activities", and he feared that people on HUAC would be "able
to say who can write in our press, speak on our radio or be employed in
the movie industry" (Thomas' words, quoted on page 312).
6.
Thomas did not care for how movie magnates fired Communists or
fellow-travelers. Thomas considered that to be censorship that was far
more dangerous than what these accused people had done, plus he felt
that there was no evidence that a number of them had engaged in
subversion, for they were fired simply for refusing to answer the
question of whether or not they were Communists.
7. Thomas "had
only contempt for [Joseph] McCarthy...as the crude and ruthless
exploiter of an issue that was indeed real and deserved serious
consideration" (Swanberg on page 329).
Thomas' stances that led him to be labeled as anti-Communist include the following:
1. Thomas considered the Soviet system to be brutal, and he was particularly sickened by Soviet slave camps.
2.
Thomas considered a number of proponents of the Soviet system to be
"either misguided or treacherous" (Swanberg on page 312).
3.
Thomas praised the Marshall Plan, which provided economic aid to
European countries to help them to rebuild and to prevent them from
falling to Communism.
4. Thomas had issues with Communists
holding positions in the government----"from police chief to President"
(Swanberg on page 312)----and he did not want Communists to be on the
board of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) because he felt that
could "invalidate [its] defense of civil liberties" (Thomas, quoted on
page 312).
5. Thomas did not want people who were dedicated Communists to instruct American children.
6. Thomas thought that Alger Hiss was guilty of espionage.
7.
Thomas invited speakers to gatherings to present a non-Communist case
to people and thereby prevent Communists from exploiting issues.
On
page 329, Swanberg says that Thomas distinguished between "those who
(like himself) had once had faith in the Soviet experiment and hence had
been friendly with American Communists, and those who still humored the
Kremlin in 1950." Thomas was long a believer in civil liberties, yet
he had issues with Communists and Communism.